If the EFTA Surveillance Authority (ESA) comes to the conclusion, either on its own initiative or on the basis of a complaint from an affected citizen/company, that an EEA/EFTA State is not or not fully complying with its obligations under the EEA Agreement (e.g. implementation of EU legal acts incorporated into the EEA Agreement or compliance with the primary law provisions of the EEA Agreement), it will initiate infringement proceedings.

In addition, the EEA Coordination Unit represents the Government in proceedings before the EFTA Court or the Court of Justice of the European Union (ECJ).