Based on the Customs Treaty dating back to 1923, Liechtenstein is closely linked with Switzerland. In December 2010, the Vereinbarung zwischen der Regierung des Fürstentums Liechtenstein und dem Schweizerischen Bundesrat betreffend die Zusammenarbeit im Bereich des Strahlenschutzes entered into force.

The Swiss legislation that is applicable in Liechtenstein is listed in Annex 1 to this Agreement. Annex 1 was last updated by an exchange of notes in July 2018. This exchange of notes therefore sets out the Swiss legislation currently applicable in Liechtenstein. Furthermore, certain provisions of the radiation protection legislation are applicable in Liechtenstein under the Customs Treaty with Switzerland (see official notice).

The Office of Public Health is responsible for the granting of authorizations and for supervision in the fields of medicine and research, as well as for the supervision of educational institutions (Annex 2, exchange of notes).