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Within Kyoto Protocol, the reduction requirements for individual countries can also be fulfilled by the use of so called flexible mechanisms. These are economic instruments which allow industrialized countries to reduce emissions in those regions where corresponding measure can be implemented in a cost-effective manner. Developing countries profit from projects to reduce greenhouse gases also by a technology transfer and the expansion of infrastructure.
The flexible mechanisms are based upon the fact that greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide or methane in the atmosphere uniformly distribute themselves, so that it plays no role out of the perspective of the climate change, where the emissions are reduced.
The Kyoto Protocol provides several flexible mechanisms with which the States Parties can achieve their targets. The mechanisms may be applied on a voluntary basis.
One distinguishes the following flexible mechanisms:
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